• Different types of environmentally induced antinociception h

  2021-01-25

  

  Different types of environmentally induced antinociception have been reported in a wide range of species (e.g., Behbehani, 1995, Bolles and Fanselow, 1980, Harris, 1996, Millan, 2002, Rodgers, 1995). According to Bolles and Fanselow (1980), fear and pain are independent and competing motivational sy

• Physiological changes induced by CRF are

  2021-01-25

  

  Physiological changes induced by CRF are mediated through CRF1 and CRF2 receptors (Chang et al., 1993, Lovenberg et al., 1995). Previous findings with CRF1 receptor antagonists showed that activation of CRF1 receptor is involved in maternal separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (Kehne et al.,

• In this study we characterized the metabolic

  2021-01-25

  

  In this study, we characterized the metabolic function of tra2 in the Drosophila fat body. Similar to the 9G8 phenotype, decreasing tra2 levels in the Drosophila fat body using RNAi resulted in increased starvation resistance and a large increase in triglycerides. This increased storage of triglycer

• As the communications interface was developed by two separat

  2021-01-25

  

  As the communications interface was developed by two separate organisations with differing software processes and tools, a modular approach to the safety case was deemed appropriate. The modular approach related the communications interface safety argument to the safety arguments for both the ACS an

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2021-01-25

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Prolyl 4-hydroxylases are oxygenases with key roles in a variety of biological processes including oxygen sensing, siRNA regulation and collagen folding (Gorres and Raines, 2010). Hydroxyproline is particularly abundant in collagenous proteins which

• Limitations of the current study in

  2021-01-25

  

  Limitations of the current study, in addition to the ones highlighted above, are its retrospective nature, the potential biased selection of patients requiring bronchoscopy for the etiological diagnosis of pneumonia, the lack of normalization of CMV DNA loads in BAL fluids to cellular DNA content (a

• The first mammalian mutation linked to CR was

  2021-01-25

  

  The first mammalian mutation linked to CR was identified in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The mutation was an autosomal allele first described in the late 1980s [8] and was identified using positional cloning [9]. These animals displayed a shortened period length (20h in homozygous animals

• Previous studies have documented that SCFAs

  2021-01-25

  

  Previous studies have documented that SCFAs may elicit effects on lipid metabolism via de novo synthesis and transport. Acetate is not only used as an energy source, but is also constituted as a substrate for the cholesterol synthesis in the liver through acetyl-CoA, thus affecting plasma cholestero

• Being a rare renal tumor its

  2021-01-25

  

  Being a rare renal tumor, its description as primary renal tumor has been confined to the documentation of anecdotal case reports in the past [4], [9], [10], [11]. However, recent years have seen an increased interest in defining ES/PNET of kidney as a distinct entity, with the study undertaken by t

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions

  2021-01-25

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) are orphan nuclear receptors whose physiological ligands have not yet been identified. Although ERRs are closely related to estrogen receptors (ERs) they do not res

• Notably we demonstrated that EP EP receptor coupled activati

  2021-01-25

  

  Notably we demonstrated that EP2/EP4 receptor-coupled activation of the cAMP signaling pathway accounted for both up-regulation of COX-2 and down-regulation of LOX, which is consistent with the roles of the cAMP signaling pathway in regulation of COX-2 and LOX by PGE2 in a number of other tissues or

• OxLDL down regulates eNOS and up regulates iNOS

  2021-01-25

  

  OxLDL down-regulates eNOS and up-regulates iNOS, thereby augmenting the formation of NO and protein S-nitrosylation in human endothelial hiv protease inhibitors [26]. Importantly, iNOS-mediated S-nitrosylation plays an increasingly significant role in cardiovascular diseases [34]. For example, iNOS-

• At first cartilage damage in osteoarthritis reflects the los

  2021-01-25

  

  At first, cartilage damage in osteoarthritis reflects the loss of proteoglycan and collagen network that increases the swelling of tissues. The incremented expression of DDR2 receptor has also co-related with the depletion of cartilage in surgically induced OA model [8]. Osteoarthritis, a degenerati

• The discoidin domain receptors DDR and

  2021-01-25

  

  The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated by different types of collagen (Shrivastava et al., 1997, Vogel et al., 1997). Both receptors interact with a number of fibrillar collagens, and DDR1, but not DDR2, is also activated by the network-formin

• Introduction Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor

  2021-01-25

  

  Introduction Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is a key factor in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR-RTKs cause proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as suppress apoptosis, in lung adenocarcinoma

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