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However there are still some issues that remain poorly under
2019-10-10
However, there are still some issues that remain poorly understood. For instance, how TGF-β modulates DDR2 expression and whether Smads participate in the regulation. How does DDR2 regulate the expression of PTHrP via Runx2? Is there any other kinase downstream of DDR2 participating in PTHrP regulat
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DDR expression is upregulated in the
2019-10-10
DDR1 expression is upregulated in the glomeruli and tubules of injured kidneys [7], [8], [19]; however, what role this receptor plays in kidney resident Latrunculin B is unclear. A plausible hypothesis is that DDR1 might contribute to kidney injury by directly exerting a pro-fibrotic action. In fav
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Plants Cp are widely distributed in
2019-10-10
Plants Cp are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are believed to act as virulence/defense factors for both hosts and pathogens. Cp are also found in plants, animals and bacteria and are known to be virulence factors involved in bacterial pathogenicity [29]. Further, Cp are involved in pepti
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With the narrow SAR of the
2019-10-10
With the narrow SAR of the tail favouring the ortho sulfone group, we examined the remaining position open to substitution at the pyrazole 3-position, in an attempt to at least moderate the excessive human PPB (). Lipophilic groups in this position maintained huge shifts in potency in the absence or
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br Agonist binding ETA activation is
2019-10-10
Agonist binding ETA activation is promoted by binding of the endogenous peptidergic agonists to their orthosteric binding site on the receptor. ET1 and ET2 (Trp6-Leu7-ET1) bind with equal high affinity to ETA, whereas the third endogenous isopeptide ET3 (Thr2-Phe4-Thr5-Tyr6-Lys7-Tyr14-ET1) binds
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Synthetic progestogens also known as synthetic gestagens
2019-10-10
Synthetic progestogens (also known as ‘synthetic gestagens’, ‘synthetic progestins’ or simply ‘progestins’) are designed to mimic the effects of progesterone (P4) and are the active pharmaceutical ingredient in many contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies. Since most progestins are derived
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Within the X CX PX RX motif of several
2019-10-10
Within the X1CX3PX5RX7 motif of several prokaryotic FGE substrates, the residues of X3, X5, and X7 are variably found as mixtures of alanine, glycine, threonine, or serine residues [26], [27]. The docked model of our identified HCTPRRP motif revealed that position X1 (H1) and position X7 (P7) were n
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In summary this is the first report describing the
2019-10-10
In summary, this is the first report describing the enzymatic characteristics, binding activity and localization of T. solium enolase. Here we demonstrate that Tseno gene possesses classical features of enolase family with highly conserved active sites, Mg2+ binding and plasminogen-binding motifs. T
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Studies also provide evidence that cytokines
2019-10-09
Studies also provide evidence that cytokines such as TGF-β, a TH3-type cytokine, may also play a role in airway remodeling. Data obtained by Cohen et al suggest that TGF-β1 can induce human BSMC proliferation by increasing the expression of IGFBP-3. Hence, the mitogenic action of TGF-β1 could be rel
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Introduction Cytochrome P CYP A is the most important enzyme
2019-10-09
Introduction Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A is the most important enzyme involved in the metabolism of 30–40% of currently prescribed drugs [1]. The Mitochondrial DNA Isolation Kit mass level and activity of CYP3A show large intra- and inter-individual variability, which contributes to unpredictable drug
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In this study we further investigated the involvement of
2019-10-09
In this study, we further investigated the involvement of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors of the dPAG in the regulation of panic-related responses. For this, we used two animal models that associate escape behavior with panic attacks: the elevated T maze and the electrical stimulation of the dPAG (for a ful
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Limitations of the current study in addition to the ones
2019-10-09
Limitations of the current study, in addition to the ones highlighted above, are its retrospective nature, the potential biased selection of patients requiring bronchoscopy for the etiological diagnosis of pneumonia, the lack of normalization of CMV DNA loads in BAL fluids to cellular DNA content (a
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In particu
2019-10-09
Materials and methods Results Discussion In particular, we showed that pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator recognize cAMP as a stimulatory signal for cell proliferation. Conversely, cAMP was found to have an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in b
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We continued to investigate the contribution of the EP
2019-10-09
We continued to investigate the contribution of the EP1 Pamidronate Disodium and to nociceptive sensitization by utilizing its natural ligand PGE and tested the effect of local subcutaneous injection of PGE (5nmol in 5μl) into one hindpaw on mechanical and heat pain thresholds. Wild-type mice displ
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AR-12 clinical Epitope analyses of AT AA and
2019-10-09
Epitope analyses of AT1-AA and ET-AA indicate that the AR-12 clinical of both autoantibodies are located at the second extracelluar loop of both receptors. The specific epitopes for both autoantibodies are similar to what was reported previously in a cohort of patients from Brazil [6] and for AT1-A
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